Dunning-Kruger Effect
Also known as: Dunning-Kruger Syndrome
Formulated by David Dunning & Justin Kruger (1999)
Definition
A cognitive bias where people with limited competence or knowledge in a specific domain greatly overestimate their own abilities. The same lack of knowledge or skills that leads to poor performance also impairs the ability to recognize these deficiencies, leading to inflated self-assessments. Conversely, highly skilled individuals often underestimate their relative competence compared to others.