mosque Islam

Islam and its relationship with politics, law, and society

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"The nature of a civilization is what aggregates around a religion. Our civilization is incapable of building a temple or a tomb. It will be forced to find its fundamental value, or it will decompose. And the great phenomenon of our era is the violence of the Islamic thrust."

Malraux, André

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"Islam is contrary to the scientific spirit, hostile to progress; it has made the countries it conquered a field closed to the rational cultivation of the mind."

Renan, Ernest

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"I studied the Koran a great deal, mainly because of our position vis-à-vis the Muslim population of Algeria and throughout the Near East. I came away from that study with the conviction that by and large, there have been few religions in the world as deadly to men as that of Mohammed."

Tocqueville, Alexis de

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"Mohammed brought down from heaven and put into the Koran not only religious doctrines but political maxims, criminal and civil laws, and scientific theories."

Tocqueville, Alexis de

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person Authors

Malraux, André

French novelist, art theorist, adventurer, and statesman, author of Man's Fate (1933), and Minister of Cultural Affairs under de Gaulle. In 1956 he...

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Renan, Ernest

French philologist, philosopher, and historian of religion, known for his seminal works on early Christianity and his 1883 lecture Islam and Scienc...

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Tocqueville, Alexis de

French political philosopher and historian, author of Democracy in America (1835-1840), renowned for his analysis of American democracy and warning...

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