lightbulb Concepts
Fundamental concepts and principles in economics, philosophy, and decision-making
person_off Ad Hominem Fallacy
A logical fallacy in which an argument is rejected or dismissed not by addressing its substance, but by attacking the character, motives, or personal attributes of the person making it. Rather than...
Learn moreattach_money Four Ways to Spend Money
Milton Friedman's framework describing four ways money can be spent, each with different incentives for economy and care about results: (1) Spendi...
Learn moreconversation Bullshit Asymmetry Principle
The amount of energy needed to refute false or misleading information (bullshit) is an order of magnitude greater than the effort required to produce it. This principle highlights that it's far eas...
Learn morewindow The Broken Window Fallacy
A logical error in economic reasoning first described by Frédéric Bastiat in his 1850 essay analytics Economics report Fallacies error_outline Economic Fallacies visibility Seen and Unseen error_outline Economic Sophisms psychology_alt Critical Thinking
currency_exchange The Cantillon Effect
The Cantillon Effect is an economic concept explaining how newly created money does not affect everyone equally. When new money enters the economy, the first recipients (typically banks, financial ...
Learn morevisibility Constrained vs Unconstrained Vision
Introduced by Thomas Sowell in A Conflict of Visions (1987), this framework identifi...
Learn morepsychology Dunning-Kruger Effect
A cognitive bias where people with limited competence or knowledge in a specific domain greatly overestimate their own abilities. The same lack of knowledge or skills that leads to poor performance...
Learn morecontent_cut Hanlon's Razor
An adage or rule of thumb that states: 'Never attribute to malice that which is adequately explained by stupidity.' This principle encourages the assumption of good faith and discourages the attrib...
Learn moreself_improvement Ikigai
A Japanese concept meaning 'a reason for being' or 'a reason to wake up in the morning.' Ikigai represents the intersection of four fundamental elements: what you love, what you are good at, what t...
Learn morebolt Jevons Paradox
The observation that technological improvements in the efficiency of resource use tend to increase, rather than decrease, the total consumption of that resource. In his 1865 book analytics Economics speed Efficiency trending_down Unintended Consequences terrain Resource Economics bolt Energy Economics
change_history Münchhausen Trilemma
A fundamental problem in epistemology demonstrating that any attempt to justify a claim of knowledge inevitably leads to one of three unsatisfactory outcomes: infinite regress (each proof requires ...
Learn morepie_chart The Pareto Principle
The Pareto Principle, also known as the 80/20 rule, states that for many outcomes, roughly 80% of consequences come from 20% of the causes. This concept originated from Italian economist Vilfredo P...
Learn morewb_sunny The Principle of Optimism
All evils are caused by insufficient knowledge. This principle, articulated by physicist and philosopher David Deutsch, asserts that problems are so...
Learn morelocal_fire_department Strawman Fallacy
A logical fallacy in which someone misrepresents or distorts another person's argument, making it easier to attack. Instead of addressing the actual position, the arguer substitutes a weaker, simpl...
Learn moreschedule Time Preference
The economic principle that individuals value goods and services more highly in the present than in the future, all else being equal. This preference for present over future satisfaction is a funda...
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